Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty that offically endded World War I. With the signing of this treaty, Germany and it's allies took full responsibilty for the war. And on top of that, Germany took the most damage. Germany's land in Africa and Asia was taken away, and they also lost about 10% of thier country. The 10% loss of land in Germany caused some new countries to be formed. These countries included Poland, Yugoslavisa, Czechoslovia, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Austria, & Hungary. And lastly, Germany had to pay reparations to the triple Alliance, for those who lost their lives in war.
To the Historians who said that this caused fascism and Adofl Hitler's actions while in power, i must say that that could be one reason. Hitler had wanted a very strong government for Germany. In doing so he created the Nazi's. He thought that with much military power that he could overthrow almost any government.

Mustafa Kemal

Secular, as defined by dictionary.com, is ''of or pertaining to worldly things or to things that are not regarded as religious, spiritual, or sacred''. Mustafa Kemal's work is an example of this. Kemal was the 1st president of turkey. It is said that many of his reforms were secular in the sense that they helped the people of Turkey forget about religious binds and start to think more highly about themselves and the world around them.
Kemal was most notied for having led the Turkish National Movement which would let Turkey become free from the Ottoman Empire and would allow them to be their own country. After which, Kemal became the 1st President of Turkey.

Film Lesson "Gandhi"

Mahatma Gandhi was considered one of the main causes that India gained its independence from Great Britain. Originally starting out in Africa, Gandhi had realized tat the rights of India's were very limited and thought that it required a change. He began with protests in Africa and was said to be jailed. Eventually after his release, Gandhi had returned to India to continue his work "at the source".
Gandhi had started campaigns and protests in India to show the British government that their help was not needed. One of his most famous protests was the Salt March, which he led while in his 60's. Gandhi was also noted for his courage and fearlesness. He went to jail many, many times and yet refused to stop his work.
Somthing that Gandhi had insisted on was the act of non violent protest. This is critical to his work. Their was a time when while imprissoned that this followers had killed police officers and burned down a building for hi realese. This led to him starving himself and causing his followers to stop these violent protests. When one of his followers confronted him saying that it was fair " an eye for an eye" Gandhi had responded " an eye for an eye would leave the whole world blind". In other words, violence solves nothing, which is completely true.
Gandhi is considered the cause of the independence of India, but does it really make a difference? Yes, because the Indian Community did not stand up for themselves. Gandhi was the one who pushed the Indians to win in dependence. Not to say they would not eventually gain freedom without him, but that with him, it quickened the process by alot.